Akumulasi dan Distribusi Logam Berat pada Vegetasi Mangrove di Pesisir Sulawesi Selatan

Abstract

Tumbuhan mangrove mempunyai fungsi ekologis yaitu dapat menyerap, mengangkut dan menimbun materi yang bersifat toksik yang berasal dari sekitar lingkungan tempat tumbuhnya, salah satunya adalah logam berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui akumulasi dan distribusi logam berat jenis Timbal (Pb), Tembaga (Cu) dan Kadmium (Cd) pada vegetasi mangrove di perairan pesisir Sulawesi Selatan. Sampel vegetasi mangrove diambil dari empat lokasi, yaitu sekitar Pantai Tanjung Bunga Makassar, Muara Sungai Tallo Makassar, Teluk Pare-Pare dan Teluk Bone. Distribusi logam berat pada vegetasi mangrove dibagi dalam lima jaringan yaitu, akar napas, akar kawat, daun muda, daun tua dan ranting. Kandungan logam berat dalam sampel diukur dengan menggunakan alat Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric(AAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, akumulasi Pb terbesar berasal dari sampel vegetasi mangrove di Muara Sungai Tallo yaitu 36,1 ppm, akumulasi Cu terbesar dari Pantai Tanjung Bunga Makassar 42,8 ppm, dan akumulasi Cd terbesar dari Muara Sungai Tallo yaitu 29,3 ppm. Distribusi logam berat pada jaringan vegetasi mangrove yang paling tinggi, untuk Pb terdapat pada akar kawat yaitu 9,5 ppm, akumulasi logam berat Cd tertinggi terdapat pada jaringan daun muda yaitu 3,1 ppm, sedangkan akumulasi logam berat Cu yang tertinggi terdapat pada jaringan akar kawat yaitu 10,1 ppm. Secara umum, jenis Api-api (Avicennia marina) merupakan jenis mangrove yang paling besar menyerap logam berat dengan kandungan Pb sebesar 24,2 ppm, Cd sebesar 30, 9 ppm dan Cu sebesar 71,2 ppm.Katakunci: logam berat, mangrove, perairan pesisir, Sulawesi Selatan Accumulation and Distribution of Heavy Metals in Mangrove Vegetation of the Coastal of South SulawesiAbstractMangroves have ecological functions to absorb, transport and stockpile toxic materials, e.g., heavy metal from surrounding environment. This research aimed to know the accumulation and distribution of heavy metals, i.e. Lead (Pb), Cuprum (Cu) and Cadmium (Cd) in mangrove vegetation of South Sulawesi. Vegetation samples were collected from four research location, which were Tanjung Bunga Makassar, Tallo River Makassar, Pare-Pare Bay and Bone Bay. Distribution of heavy metals in mangrove tissues was devided into five areas: pneumatophora, cable root, young leaves, old leaves and twig. Heavy metal content in the samples was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric (AAS). The results showed that the highest accumulation of Pb was derived from the sample in Tallo River with 36.1 ppm. The highest accumulation of Cu was derived from Tanjung Bunga Makassar with 42.8 ppm. The highest accumulation of Cd was derived from Tallo River with 29.3 ppm. The distribution of heavy metals in mangrove showed that the highest accumulation of Pb was found in the cable roots with 9.5 ppm. The highest concentration of Cd was found in the young leaf with 3.1 ppm. The highest concentration of Cu was found in the cable roots with 10.1 ppm. Generally, Avicennia marina is mangrove species that has the highest concentration of heavy metals with Pb 24.2 ppm, Cd 30.9 ppm and Cu 71.2 ppm.