Study of the course of recurrent myocardial infarction in the acute stage within the framework the hospital register

Abstract

Aim. To study the features of the course of primary and recurrent myocardial infarction and compare their prognosis in the acute stage of the disease within the framework of the hospital register of the vascular center.Material and methods. The data from the acute coronary syndrome register of N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine were used. The inclusion criteria were: transmural acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with ST-segment elevation (codes I21.0-I21.3 according to the International Classification of Diseases); permanent residence in Moscow and the Moscow region. The described part of the study included all patients with transmural myocardial infarction (codes I21.0-I.21.3) admitted from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017. Of the AMI patients admitted during this period (n=329), 214 met the inclusion criteria, with primary AMI in 153 and recurrent AMI in 61.Results. Patients with recurrent AMI were significantly older, more often had a disability group. Smoking and arterial hypertension were more frequent risk factors among patients with recurrent AMI than in primary AMI. All indices reflecting the severity of coronary artery disease and its complications were also significantly more common in the group with recurrent AMI. Diabetes mellitus was more common in these patients. Taking medications before hospitalization, as well as the regularity of this intake, were significantly more common in patients who had repeated AMI. The mortality rate of patients with recurrent AMI was 4.6 times higher than that of patients with primary AMI. Such complications as atrial fibrillation and flutter, intracardiac conduction disturbance requiring temporary endocardial stimulator placement, acute heart failure requiring intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation, respiratory failure requiring artificial ventilation, cardiogenic shock were significantly more common in patients with recurrent AMI. Kaplan-Meyer curves clearly demonstrate the differences in hospital mortality among the two groups of patients. These curves also clearly show that patients with primary AMI died mostly in the first days of the disease, but patients with recurrent AMI could die at a much later date, up to 12 days after admission. Analysis of factors determining the mortality risk during hospitalization showed that recurrent AMI is an independent predictor of death.Conclusion. The results of our work indicate the need for prompt identification of patients who had previously undergone AMI upon their admission to the vascular center, as well as the development of more active prevention tactics for such patients.