Nanomaterial’s synthesis, types and their use in Bioremediation and Agriculture

Abstract

The particle ranges between 1 to 100 nanometers in size is called a nanomaterial. The reduction in size results in to change in redox behaviour, thermodynamic property and internal cohesive forces of the resulted particle from its bulk. This enhances the delivery and interaction of the particle with the active site. These features of the matter are considered in the synthesis of nanomaterials either by the bottom-up or top-down approaches. Nanomaterials may be organic, inorganic, biogenic and natural depending on their process of formation. The smaller size of nanomaterials makes them useful to be utilized as sensors that can be easily deployed in remote locations. Currently, nanomaterials are being proved successful both in efficiency as well as cost-effective for agricultural production. The use of biologically synthesized nanomaterials has been increasing because of their stable, eco-friendly and cost-effective nature. Earlier studies have reported the influence of nanoparticles on plant growth and production. This review has focused on the application of nanomaterials as Nano-fertilizers, Nano-sensors, pollutant remediating, diseases detector, pathogen attack preventer, stress detector and precision farming techniques. Further, efforts have been made in describing that the biosynthetic route of nanomaterial synthesis could emerge as a better and safer option for environmental pollution reduction. Thus, nanoscience may increase agricultural production to feed a huge population in near future.