Infrared quantum ghost imaging of living and undisturbed plants

Abstract

Quantum ghost imaging (QGI) is a method that measures absorption at extremely low light intensities. Nondegenerate QGI probes a sample at one wavelength while forming an image with correlated photons at a different wavelength. This spectral separation alleviates the need for imaging detectors with high sensitivity in the near-infrared (NIR) region, thereby reducing the required illumination intensity. Using NCam, a single-photon detector, we demonstrated nondegenerate QGI with unprecedented sensitivity and contrast, obtaining images of living plants with less than 1% light transmission. The plants experienced 3aW/cm2 of light during imaging, orders of magnitude below starlight. This realization of QGI expands the method to extremely low-light bioimaging and imaging of light-sensitive samples, where minimizing illumination intensity is crucial to prevent phototoxicity or sample degradation.