Simultaneous photoplethysmography and blood flow measurements towards the estimation of blood pressure using speckle contrast optical spectroscopy

Abstract

Non-invasive continuous blood pressure monitoring remains elusive. There has been extensive research using the photoplethysmographic (PPG) waveform for blood pressure estimation, but improvements in accuracy are still needed before clinical use. Here we explored the use of an emerging technique, speckle contrast optical spectroscopy (SCOS), for blood pressure estimation. SCOS provides measurements of both blood volume changes (PPG) and blood flow index (BFi) changes during the cardiac cycle, and thus provides a richer set of parameters compared to traditional PPG. SCOS measurements were taken on the finger and wrists of 13 subjects. We investigated the correlations between features extracted from both the PPG and BFi waveforms with blood pressure. Features from the BFi waveforms were more significantly correlated with blood pressure than PPG features (R = − 0.55, p = 1.1 × 10−4 for the top BFi feature versus R = − 0.53, p = 8.4 × 10−4 for the top PPG feature). Importantly, we also found that features combining BFi and PPG data were highly correlated with changes in blood pressure (R = − 0.59, p  = 1.7 × 10−4). These results suggest that the incorporation of BFi measurements should be further explored as a means to improve blood pressure estimation using non-invasive optical techniques.