Computational analysis of a scalable optically homogeneous free-space interferometer

Abstract

This study describes a scalable optically homogeneous free-space interferometer. Computationally modeled as an unbroken block of fused silica, the interferometer’s six-sided design is simple and intuitive, exploiting total internal reflection and refraction to split and recombine a collimated input beam. During propagation, one portion of the split beam remains within the substrate to act as a reference beam. The second portion of the split beam is exposed to the surrounding environment, enabling real-world environment characterization in real time. Validation of the interferometer concept is performed using numerical and analytical techniques. Based on its scalability and robustness, the proposed interferometer design is primed for applications in atmospheric sensing, passive chemical detection, and spaceborne technologies.