All-fiber heterodyne velocity and displacement interferometer based on DPLL Doppler tracking with sub-nanometer per second and picometer sensitivity

Abstract

Velocity and displacement measurements play an important role not only in the process of industrial production and metrology on the ground but also in satellite gravity measurement in space. A high-precision all-fiber heterodyne velocity and displacement interferometer based on digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) Doppler tracking is proposed in this paper. The target velocity is measured by tracking the heterodyne frequency changes of the beat-note signal, and the displacement is obtained by the integrated phase of the Doppler frequency change. A dual-signal differential optical-path scheme combined with DPLL signal tracking technology enables high-precision and high-linearity measurement of velocity and displacement simultaneously. For integration and compactness, the interferometer uses all-fiber optics that are packaged in a small box with dimensions of 150 × 150 × 70 m m 3 , except for an externally fiber-connected collimator as the sensor head. The experimental results show a velocity sensitivity below 30 p m / s / H z 1 / 2 in the 0.03–2 Hz band and a displacement sensitivity below 10 p m / H z 1 / 2 above 0.4 Hz.