The characteristics of the economically profitable winter garlic traits under the Ukrainian Right Forest Steppe dry weather conditions

Abstract

The aim of the research is to select the best winter garlic varieties and local cultivars of garlic with the appropriate growing season, weight of garlic bulb, amount of garlic cloves, market value and yield productivity under conditions of the Ukrainian Right Forest Steppe. Due to the research, it is possible to detect the peculiarities of the environmental factors that influence on the growing season length, the garlic bulb weight, the amount of garlic cloves, the market value and the yield productivity due to the research. Early ripening sample 8 (Zaporizhzhia region) with the growing season length of 103 days has been selected as well. Local cultivar 9 (Zaporizhzhia region) has turned out to be the heaviest (the garlic bulb weight is 61 g). Also, it has the highest yield productivity – 12.7 t/ha, whereas the productivity of the control cultivar Iren is 11.4 t/ha. Other samples have the lowest productivity: 1 – (7.4 t/ha), 2 (8.4 t/ha), 3 (6.9 t/ha), 5 and 11 (7.9 t/ha), 12 (8.6 t/ha), 13 (6.8 t/ha). Samples 1 and 3 (Kyiv region) have turned out to be the most adapted to the environmental conditions of the Ukrainian Right Forest Steppe. Their stability factor (L.S.) is equal to 1.2. Samples 10 (Chernihiv region) and 14 (Cherkasy region) are the worst adapted local cultivars with the factor 1.6. Therefore, as a result of the research, the early ripening variety of winter garlic with short growing season, the highest bulb weight and number of cloves, yield productivity has been selected in the Ukrainian Right Forest Steppe. The best results have been shown by sample 9 that is from Zaporizhzhia region (the highest bulb weight – 61 g, yield productivity – 12.7 t/ha). However, it has turned out to be a medium ripe cultivar with the average length of the growing season (106 days) and the garlic bulb has only 7 cloves. The yield productivity is 75 %. Sample 8 (Zaporizhzhia region) is the earliest ripening local cultivar that has the shortest growing season (103 days). Sample 4 (Kirovohrad region) has the smallest number of cloves in the garlic bulb (4). However, local sample 10 (Chernihiv region) has the biggest clove number (10). Samples 6 (Dnipro region) and 8 (Zaporizhzhia region) have the highest yield productivity (10.3 and 10.5 t/ha). Though, the great difference in results has not been noticed. Key words: winter garlic, varieties, productivity, local cultivar, growing season, bulb weight.