MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTEWATER SEDIMENTS

Abstract

The processes of self-purification of nature due to the high concentration of xenobiotics and high resistance to decomposition are very slow. Therefore, an urgent environmental task is to restore the environment: rational processing of industrial and agricultural waste, restoration of land fertility from toxic chemicals, disposal of sludge from sewage treatment plants, purification of water sources, etc. Among the above environmental problems of production and consumption, which associated with waste from sewage treatment plants As a result of household and industrial human activities, liquid waste is generated in the form of wastewater, which is discharged into the sewer. In the process of passing the wastewater treatment stage at the treatment plant, sludge is formed, which is dehydrated on sludge sites in natural conditions. This process is lengthy and takes up large areas. In addition, the storage of sludge leads to the spread of an unfavorable gas-air background, soil and groundwater pollution with toxic components that make up the sediment. Disposal of sewage waste is also associated with large volumes of sludge processing (for Ukraine it is necessary to process more than 1.8 million tons / year), accumulated over the years on sludge sites and carry environmental hazards in areas of storage sites or on the developed "silt" maps " located near populated areas. Silt sludge is strictly forbidden to be stored without special permits and conditions, it cannot be buried in ordinary landfills, the requirements for sludge sites are regulated by the state standard DSTU 8727:2017.