THE STUDYING OF DYNAMICS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF GOLDEN POTATO NEMATODES IN UKRAINE AND SEPARATE FACTORS ITS REGULATION

Abstract

In recent years, the main sowing areas of potatoes have moved from collective farms to the private sector, which makes it difficult to detect nematodes and establish their level of harmfulness in different regions of Ukraine. The cultivation of potatoes in monoculture for many years, the unpredictability of the existing seed system of regular maintenance of individual farms with healthy planting material, the lack of knowledge about the protection of plants against nematodes, contribute to the spread of globoderosis in new territories. Research strategy to protect the potato crop from nematodes should be aimed at a low-energy and environmentally friendly system based on the use of nematodes, the correct application of crop rotation crops, the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers, the quality of planting material, since chemical hazards protect the environment. The outstanding issues in terms of regulating the abundance of golden potato nematodes remain the factors of the agrochemical properties of soils and their relationship with the pest size, aspects of the use of different potato precursors in terms of influencing the prevalence of the nematode, and estimating the monitoring status of its comparative numbers. The article summarizes the results of quarantine monitoring of the distribution of the golden potato nematode (Globodera rostochiensis Woll) in Ukraine and by region. A comparison of the pest prevalence rate over ten years of quarantine monitoring has been conducted and conclusions have been made regarding their success at the regional level. The phenological development of the pest is specified taking into account the climatological features of the Vinnitsa region. A review of the features of biology and the pest development cycle is made on the basis of which briefly described signs of potato damage in the field. On the basis of field studies, the effectiveness of the control of the potato nematode was evaluated by introducing crop rotation and selecting the appropriate alternation of different plants. The effectiveness of the use of potato varieties resistant to the nematode was assessed, and the level of their productivity against an infectious background was determined in comparison with the variety unstable to the pest. Conclusions have been made in the main areas of restricting the spread of the potato nematode in the private sector of potato cultivation in permanent crops. Key words: golden potato nematode, yield, varieties, crop rotation, prevalence.