Analysis of the Outcomes of Tuberculosis Treatment and Factors Associated with Successful Treatment at the Bamenda Regional Hospital: A 10-year Retrospective Study

Abstract

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health issue, impacting millions of people worldwide. This study determined the outcomes of TB treatment managed within a 10 year period at the Bamenda Regional Hospital in Cameroon. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out among 2428 patients diagnosed and treated for active TB infection from 2013 to 2022, at the Bamenda Regional Hospital. Data collection was done from March to April 2023 using a data extraction form. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with successful TB treatment outcomes. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 26. Results: Of the 2428 patients with TB, 1380 (56.8%) were cured, 739 (30.4%) completed treatment, treatment failures were recorded in 10 (0.4%) patients, and 200 (8.2%) died during or after receiving treatment. Treatment default was the outcome in 99 (4.1%). Successful treatment outcomes were reported in 2119 (87.3%). Patients within age groups 41–50 (P = 0.010), 51–60 (P = 0.041), and >60 years (P = 0.006), male (P = 0.004), and human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients (P < 0.001) had decreased odds of successful treatment outcomes. Conclusion: The outcomes of treatment within a 10 year period showed that the treatment success was 2.7% below the World Health Organizations target. Prioritizing vulnerable patient groups in TB management and implementing public health interventions such as financial assistance and nutritional support will go a long way in improving treatment outcomes.