1. For recent reviews on ionic liquids in organic chemistry, see: (a) Carlin, R. T.; Wilkes, J. S. In Advances in Nonaqueous Chemistry; Mamantov, G.; Popov, A., Eds.; VCH: New York, 1994; (b) Chauvin, Y.; Olivier, H. ChemTech 1995, 25, 26; (c) Seddon, K. R. J. Chem. Tech. Biotech. 1997, 68, 351; (d) Olivier, H. J. Mol. Cat. A: Chem. 1999, 146, 285; (e) Welton, T. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 2071; (f) Wasserscheid, P.; Keim, W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3772.
2. Sur les sels quaternaires des imidazols
3. Über die relative Haftfestigkeit von Alkylen am Stickstoff
4. Heck Reaction in Ionic Liquids and the in Situ Identification of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Palladium
5. (a) Rosenmund, K. W.; Struck, E. Ber. 1919, 52, 1749; (b) von Braun, J.; Manz, G. Ann. 1931, 488, 111. For reviews, see: (c) Ellis, G. P.; Romney-Alexander, T. M. Chem. Rev. 1987, 87, 779; (d) Ito, T.; Watanabe, K. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1968, 41, 419.