1. The Iliad of Homer, Book XIII, lines 438-444. Translation of Sir William Marris.
2. Theodoric: Chirurgia, translated from the Latin and edited by Eldridge Campbell and James Colton, New York, 1955, Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc.
3. A History of Medicine;Castiglione,1941
4. de Chauliac, Guy: Chirurgia Magna (1363), Doct. II, Chapter V. Des Playes de la Poitrine et de ses Parties, translated and edited by E. Nicaise, Paris, 1890, p. 277.
5. da Vigo, Giovanni: Practica Copiosa in Arte Chirurgia, translated by Thomas Gale, London, 1586 (T. East).