1. Abdul Karim Md. Nor (1989). Characteristics of effective rural secondary schools in Malaysia. Unpublished PhD thesis. University of Wisconsin, Madison, Amerika Syarikat.
2. Benhow, C. (1980). Review of instructionally effective schooling literature. New York: Columbia University Teacher College. ERIC Clearinghouse on Urban Education.
3. Research on effective schools: implications for less developed countries;Cohn;Comparative Education Review,1987
4. Equality of educational opportunity;Coleman,1966
5. Effective school and effective teachers;Davis,1989