1. Duncan, J.M.; Bryne, P.; Wong, K.S.; and Mabry, P. (1980). Strength, Stress-Strain and Bulk Modulus Parameters for Finite Element Analysis of Stresses and Movements is Soil Masses, University of California, Berkeley, CA, report No. UCB/GT/80-01, August 1980.
2. Girton, D.D.; Hawkinson, T.R.; and Greimann, L.F. (1991). Validation of design recommendations for integral-abutment piles, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 117, No. 7, July, pp. 2117-2134.
3. Hoppe, E.J. and Gomez, J.P. (1996). Field study of an integral backwall bridge, Virginia Transportation Research Council, VTRC 97-R7, October 1996, 47 p.
4. Jorgensen, J.L. (1983). Behavior of Abutment Piles in an Integral Abutment in Response to Bridge Movements, Bridges and Culverts/Transportation Research Board, Natioanl Academy of Sciences, No. 903, 1983, pp. 72-79.
5. Kapania, R. (1997). Introduction to finite element analyses. Class notes, Fall 1997, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.