1. Japanese Industrial Standards JIS E 4501-1995, Railway rolling stock−Design methods for strength of axles; 1995 [in Japanese].
2. Tezuka K, Tanaka S, Design method and service loads of the car axle at high speeds. In: Proceedings of 9th Int. Wheelset Congress; 1988. p.3–4–1-8.
3. Japan Rolling Stock Industries Standard JRIS D1201-1: 2016 Rolling stock – Axle strength – Part 1: Design method.
4. Japan Rolling Stock Industries Standard JRIS D1201-2: 2016 Rolling stock – Axle strength – Part 2: Fatigue damage evaluation method.
5. Parameters affecting the damage tolerance behaviour of railway axles;Zerbst;Eng Fract Mech,2011