1. Paré, Ambrose: The Works of That Famous Chirurgion Ambose Parey, translation by T. Johnson, 1634.
2. Boerhaave, Hermano: Aphorismi De Cognoscendis et Curandis Morbis (Aphorism 170), 1709.
3. Discourses on the Nature and Cure of Wounds (American Ed.);Bell,1807
4. Billroth, T.: Quoted from Ballance.