1. Japanese Industrial Standard: JIS E 4207, Truck frames for railway rolling stock-general rules for design, 2004.
2. UIC Code 615-4. Motive power units-bogies and running gear-bogie frame structure strength tests, 2003.
3. EN 13749. Railway applications-Methods of specifying structural requirements of bogie frames. European Committee for Standardization, 2005.
4. Structural durability of cast aluminium gearbox housings of underground railway vehicles under variable amplitude loading;Sonsino;Int. J. Fatigue,2005
5. A method of estimating railway axle stress spectra;Watson;Eng. Fract. Mech.,2011