1. RUSSELL S O., BALL J. W. Sudden-enlargement energy dissipater for Mica dam[J]. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 1967, 93(4): 41–56.
2. XIANG Tong, CAI Jun-mei. Study and practice of interior energy dissipater for flood discharge tunnels[J]. Journal of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Technology, 1999, 30(12): 69–71.in Chinese).
3. WU Jian-hua, CHAI Gong-chun and XIANG Tong. Hydraulic characteristics and optimization of orifice plate discharge tunnel of the Xiaolangdi hydropower project[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 1995, (Suppl.): 101–109.in Chinese).
4. LIN Xiu-shan, SHEN Feng-shang. Orifice plate energy dissipation in Xiaolangdi hydropower project[J]. Journal of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Technology, 2000, 31(1): 52–54.in Chinese).
5. BULLEN P. R., CHEESEMAN D. J. and HUSSAIN L. A. et al. The determination of pipe contraction pressure loss coefficients for incompressible turbulent flow[J]. Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 1987, 8(2): 111–118.