Shimia ponticola sp. nov., an aerobic anoxygenic photoheterotrophic bacterium, isolated from surface seawater in the South China Sea

Abstract

A Gram-stain-negative marine bacterium, designated as WX04T, was isolated from the South China Sea. The genome of strain WX04T contained a complete photosynthetic gene cluster and is the first identified photoheterotroph of the genus Shimia with high photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm=0.705±0.010), indicating its diverse metabolic and growth strategies, and unique evolution in the genus Shimia . The genome size of strain WX04T is 3.78 Mbp, and the G+C content is 58.8 %. Its isolate formed pink colonies and the cells were non-flagellated and rod-shaped. Growth was observed at 15–35 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5.0–11.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 3–5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3 %). Both catalase activity and oxidase activity were found to be negative. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses revealed that this isolate represents a novel species within the genus Shimia , sharing 96.8 and 95.6% sequence identities with Shimia aestuarii DSM 15283T and Shimia marina DSM 26895T, respectively. The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10 (100 %). The primary cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1  ω7c and/or C18 : 1  ω6c), C18 : 0,C18 : 1  ω7c 11-methyl and C10 : 0 3-OH. The dominant polar lipids of strain WX04T comprised phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The combined polyphasic data shows that strain WX04T is a novel species within the genus Shimia , which is proposed as Shimia ponticola sp. nov., and the type strain is WX04T (=KCTC 62628T=MCCC 1K02295T).