Abstract
The MENA region faces a severe water crisis, prompting governments to take action by improving irrigation methods, treating and reusing sewage and agricultural wastewater, and issuing restrictions regulating industrial wastewater discharge. As a result, many large factories have established industrial wastewater treatment plants to recycle water, reduce reliance on external sources, comply with environmental regulations, and implement MLD or ZLD principles. This chapter will focus on industrial wastewater treatment using reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. It will cover the treatment of various contaminants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, COD, BOD, TOC, and heavy metals. It will discuss different treatment methods and technologies to produce reusable water while achieving MLD and ZLD principles.
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