Principles and Advancements of Microelectrode Arrays in Brain-Machine Interfaces

Abstract

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of microelectrode arrays (MEAs) in the field of neuroscience and electrophysiology. The chapter begins with an introduction, elucidating the nature of MEAs, tracing their historical development, and emphasizing their significance in advancing our understanding of neural processes. It then delves into the principles of MEAs, encompassing topics such as design, configurations, fabrication processes, and electrode properties. The chapter elucidates various recording and stimulation techniques, including signal acquisition methods, and electrical stimulation. Furthermore, it explores diverse applications of MEAs in neurophysiology, spanning in vitro and in vivo studies, neural network investigations, synaptic plasticity, connectivity analyses, disease modeling, and drug screening. Finally, the chapter outlines the latest advances in MEA technology, including emerging materials, miniaturization, integration, and wireless and implantable systems. This comprehensive exploration of MEAs serves as an invaluable resource for researchers, engineers, and neuroscientists interested in harnessing MEAs to unravel the complexities of neural circuits and advance the field of neurophysiology.