The Effectiveness of Membrane Materials in Green Alternative Energy and Environmental Technologies

Abstract

Green process engineering, which is founded on the concepts of the process intensification approach, can make a significant contribution to industrial sustainability. Green process engineering refers to new equipment and procedures that are intended to result in significant improvements in chemical and other manufacturing and processing elements. It entails lowering production costs, equipment size, energy consumption, waste creation, as well as boosting remote control, information flow, and process flexibility. Membrane-based technology aids in the pursuit of these ideals, and the potential of membrane operations has recently been extensively acknowledged. The efficacy of fuel cells is dependent on the correct design of the electrodes and membrane, which allows for simple access to oxygen and protons. The use of non-precious catalytic electrodes based on recyclable carbon nanostructures is critical for producing clean energy and increasing the commercialization potential of fuel cells. Green hydrogen will play a significant part in future fuel supply chains, covering 15% to 20% of the world’s energy demands. A proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is one method, where hydrogen may be utilized to generate electricity. This paper begins by providing an overview of membrane electrolytes in fuel cells and the generation of energy. Moreover, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is regarded as one of the most promising power generators capable of providing clean energy sources, particularly for transportation and stationary cogeneration applications. Finally, it will shed light on the role of green or renewable hydrogen in future fuel cells and achievement sustainability.