Effect of feed processing and enzyme supplementation on diet digestibility and performance of male weaner pigs fed wheat-based diets in dry or liquid form

Abstract

One hundred and forty-four individually housed, entire male (Large White × Landrace) weaner pigs (28 days; 7.3 s.d. 0.1 kg) were individually housed and allocated to a 26-day feeding trial of 2 by 2 by 3 factorial design. The factors were (1) feed processing method (meal or steam pelleted), (2) feed form (dry or liquid), and (3) enzyme addition (basal diet, or basal diet plus 300 ppm xylanase or 100 ppm phytase). Five days post weaning, two pigs were removed from each treatment. The basal diet was formulated to be marginally adequate for pigs of this age, providing 13.8 MJ digestible energy (DE)/kg DM and 0.79 g available lysine/MJ DE. The diet contained 0.81% Ca, 0.44% non-phytate-P and 0.31% phytate-P. Compared with pigs fed dry diets, pigs fed liquid diets consumed less feed (70 ± 14.2 g/day; P < 0.05) had a lower daily gain (49 ± 12.5 g/day; P < 0.05) and as a consequence had a lower 26-day weight (1.1 ± 0.4 kg; P < 0.05). However, pigs fed liquid diets had a better feed conversion efficiency (adjusted to the same DM content as dry feed) than pigs on dry diets (1.16 versus 1.20 ± 0.02; P < 0.05). Steam pelleting the diets had no effect on feed intake or daily gain, but did improve feed conversion ratio (1.14 versus 1.22 ± 0.02; P < 0.05). The poorer growth on liquid feeds appeared to result from the feeding method imposing a degree of restriction on feed intake. Xylanase or phytase supplementation did not significantly affect non-starch polysaccharide levels in the diets or growth performance. Phytase supplementation increased (P < 0.05) daily intake, daily gain and 26-day weight, of pigs fed dry diets, but not those fed liquid diets. The results indicated that when diets were fed in liquid form, prior steam pelleting of the diets and enzyme supplementation did not provide additional benefit.