Expression of kisspeptin protein in hypothalamus and LH profile of growing female lambs

Abstract

Kisspeptin (kp) is considered to be one of the major regulators of the induction of pubertal events via the activation of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone–LH system. The aim of the present study was to analyse expression of immunoreactive (ir) kp in the hypothalamic neurons of female lambs from the neonatal to the peripubertal period (5 days to 32 weeks) in relation to the plasma LH pattern using immunohistochemistry and image analysis. Hypothalami were collected from female lambs (n = 33) from the infantile, juvenile, prepubertal and peripubertal periods. The population of kp-ir perikarya was detected mainly in the arcuate nucleus and their number increased gradually from 5 to 16 weeks of age and was maintained at a high level up to the peripubertal stage. This was reflected by the significant (P < 0.05) gradual increase in the percentage of hypothalamic area occupied by kp-ir neurons and increase in the number of kp-ir perikarya within the arcuate nucleus. The same pattern of kp immunoreactivity was observed in the median eminence. Plasma LH concentration increased from Week 5 to Weeks 12–16 and further increased at Week 32. LH pulse frequency increased from Week 5 to 32 (P < 0.05). Thus, changes in kp expression reflected changes in the LH pattern during lamb growth. The data obtained provide evidence about the participation of kp in the mechanisms of ontogenic development of ovine reproductive processes.