PENGARUH AIR KELAPA TERHADAP MULTIPLIKASI TUNAS IN VITRO, PRODUKSI RIMPANG, DAN KANDUNGAN XANTHORRHIZOL TEMULAWAK DI LAPANGAN

Abstract

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Langkah antisipatif pemenuhan kebutuhan massal benih temulawak<br />dilakukan dengan perbanyakan secara in vitro menggunakan medium<br />tumbuh yang murah mengandung air kelapa. Penelitian bertujuan untuk<br />menganalisis kandungan kimia air kelapa dan peranannya dalam multi-<br />plikasi tunas temulawak in vitro, serta pengaruhnya terhadap produksi<br />rimpang dan kandungan xanthorrizol. Penelitian dilakukan mulai Mei<br />2009 sampai Agustus 2010 di Laboratorium dan Kebun Percobaan Balai<br />Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat; serta Balai Besar Penelitian dan<br />Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian. Air kelapa yang digunakan berasal<br />dari kelapa muda (7-8 bulan) dan kelapa tua berumur (10-12 bulan).<br />Penelitian dilakukan secara bertahap, terdiri atas 4 kegiatan. Pertama,<br />analisis zat pengatur tumbuh, vitamin dan mineral dalam air kelapa<br />menggunakan metode HPLC. Kedua, pengaruh konsentrasi air kelapa (0,<br />5, 10, 15, 20, dan 25%) terhadap multiplikasi tunas temulawak in vitro.<br />Kegiatan dirancang secara acak kelompok, 3 ulangan. Pengamatan<br />meliputi parameter pertumbuhan. Ketiga, aklimatisasi dan kandungan<br />klorofil tanaman hasil in vitro. Keempat, pertumbuhan dan produksi<br />rimpang benih temulawak in vitro dalam pot berisi media tanah + pasir dan<br />analisis kandungan xanthorrizolnya. Rancangan penelitian acak kelompok,<br />3 ulangan, dan parameter pengamatan karakter pertumbuhan, produksi<br />rimpang, dan kandungan xanthorrizol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan<br />bahwa air kelapa mengandung kinetin, zeatin, auksin, vitamin, mineral dan<br />sumber karbon yang berguna untuk multiplikasi tunas in vitro. Kandungan<br />kimia air kelapa muda lebih tinggi dibanding air kelapa tua. Medium<br />tumbuh mengandung air kelapa 15% terbaik dalam merangsang pertum-<br />buhan tunas in vitro (rata-rata 4,6 jumlah tunas per botol selama periode<br />awal pertumbuhan (8 minggu) sehingga dijadikan sebagai standar perba-<br />nyakan. Bibit temulawak hasil perbanyakan in vitro tumbuh baik (72%)<br />pada masa aklimatisasi, walaupun sebagian kecil ada yang menguning.<br />Kandungan klorofil a, b, dan total klorofil temulawak asal kultur in vitro<br />lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang konvensional, dan bentuk<br />rimpangnya normal. Poduksi rimpang generasi awal (Vo) mencapai rata-<br />rata 320,2g, lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan rimpang konvensional<br />(800,5g). Kandungan xanthorrhizol temulawak hasil kultur in vitro lebih<br />rendah dibandingkan rimpang konvensional. Hasil penelitian mengindi-<br />kasikan potensi air kelapa sebagai zat pengatur tumbuh alami pada<br />temulawak in vitro.<br />Kata kunci: air kelapa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, in vitro, xanthorrhizol,<br />hasil</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Anticipated step for Java turmeric seed massal fulfillment was<br />conducted by in vitro using cheap growth medium enriched with coconut<br />water. The aim of the research was to analyse the chemical content of<br />coconut water and its role on java turmeric micropropagation in vitro and<br />their effect on yield and xanthorrhizol content. The experiement was<br />conducted from May 2009 to August 2009 at Indonesian Spices and<br />Medicinal Research Institute and Indonsian Center for Agricultural Post<br />Harvest Research and Development. The coconut water used comes from<br />young coconut (7-8 months) and old coconut (10-12 months). The research<br />consisted of four steps. First, analysis of growth regulator, vitamin and<br />sucrose from coconut water using HPLC method. Second, the effect of<br />several concentration od water coconut: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% on in<br />vitro multiplication. The experiment was arranged in completely block<br />design with three replicates. The parameters observed were growth of<br />culture during in vitro. Third, acclimatization and chlorophyll content of<br />plant derived from in vitro and fourth, growth, and yield of java turmeric<br />seed on pot containing soil + sand as growth medium and xanthorrhizol<br />analysis. The experiment was arranged in completely block design with<br />three replicates. The parameters observed were growth characters, yield<br />and xnthorrhizol content. Result showed that coconut water contain<br />kinetin, zeatin, auksin, vitamin, mineral and carbon source which used for<br />in vitro shoots multiplication. The chemical of young coconut water was<br />higher than old coconut. The growth medium enriched with 15 % coconut<br />water gave the best result on inducing shoots in vitro (average 4.6<br />shoots/bottle during 8 weeks culture), so it’s used as multiplication<br />standard. Java turmeric seed from in vitro culture grew well (72%) on<br />acclimatization. Although, some of them were greenish.The content of a,<br />b, and total chlorophyll of java ginger from in vitro culture was higher than<br />conventional rhizome and have a normal rhizome. The production on Vo<br />(plantlet generation) around 320.2 g/plant, is lower than conventional<br />rhyzome (800.5 g). Xanthorhizol and essential oil content of Java turmeric<br />from in vitro seed were lower than conventional rhyzome. Result research<br />indicated potency of the coconut water as a nature growth regulator in<br />vitro.<br />Key words: coconut water, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, in vitro, growth,<br />xanthorrhizol, yield</p>