Self-Reflection at Work: Why It Matters and How to Harness Its Potential and Avoid Its Pitfalls

Author:

Kross Ethan12,Ong Madeline3,Ayduk Ozlem4

Affiliation:

1. Management & Organizations Area, Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;

2. Psychology Department, School of Literature Science and Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

3. Management Department, Mays Business School, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

4. Psychology Department, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA

Abstract

It is difficult to fathom how an organization could be successful without its employees engaging in self-reflection. Gone would be its personnel's capacity to problem-solve, learn from past experiences, and engage in countless other introspective activities that are vital to success. Indeed, a large body of research highlights the positive value of reflection. Yet, as both common experience and a wealth of findings demonstrate, engaging in this introspective process while focusing on negative experiences often backfires, undermining people's health, well-being, performance, and relationships. Here we synthesize research on the benefits and costs of self-reflection in organizational contexts and discuss the role that psychological distance plays in allowing people to harness the potential of self-reflection while avoiding its common pitfalls.

Publisher

Annual Reviews

Subject

Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management,Applied Psychology,Social Psychology

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