Modes and Mechanisms of Pacific Decadal-Scale Variability

Author:

Di Lorenzo E.1,Xu T.2,Zhao Y.3,Newman M.24,Capotondi A.24,Stevenson S.5,Amaya D.J.2,Anderson B.T.6,Ding R.7,Furtado J.C.8,Joh Y.9,Liguori G.1011,Lou J.24,Miller A.J.12,Navarra G.13,Schneider N.14,Vimont D.J.15,Wu S.16,Zhang H.17

Affiliation:

1. Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA;

2. Physical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA

3. Deep-Sea Multidisciplinary Research Center, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China

4. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA

5. Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA

6. Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

7. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China

8. School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA

9. Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA

10. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

11. School of Earth, Atmosphere, and Environment, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

12. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

13. Program in Ocean Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

14. International Pacific Research Center and Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA

15. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

16. Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China

17. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA

Abstract

The modes of Pacific decadal-scale variability (PDV), traditionally defined as statistical patterns of variance, reflect to first order the ocean's integration (i.e., reddening) of atmospheric forcing that arises from both a shift and a change in strength of the climatological (time-mean) atmospheric circulation. While these patterns concisely describe PDV, they do not distinguish among the key dynamical processes driving the evolution of PDV anomalies, including atmospheric and ocean teleconnections and coupled feedbacks with similar spatial structures that operate on different timescales. In this review, we synthesize past analysis using an empirical dynamical model constructed from monthly ocean surface anomalies drawn from several reanalysis products, showing that the PDV modes of variance result from two fundamental low-frequency dynamical eigenmodes: the North Pacific–central Pacific (NP-CP) and Kuroshio–Oyashio Extension (KOE) modes. Both eigenmodes highlight how two-way tropical–extratropical teleconnection dynamics are the primary mechanisms energizing and synchronizing the basin-scale footprint of PDV. While the NP-CP mode captures interannual- to decadal-scale variability, the KOE mode is linked to the basin-scale expression of PDV on decadal to multidecadal timescales, including contributions from the South Pacific.

Publisher

Annual Reviews

Subject

Oceanography

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