Correlation of levels of lactic acid and glucose in cerebrospinal fluid of cerebral hemorrhage patients with the occurrence of postoperative intracranial infection and clinical prognosis

Abstract

Background: Cerebral haemorrhage is a critical condition that often requires surgical treatment, and postoperative intracranial infection can significantly impact patient outcomes. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between the levels of lactic acid and glucose in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with cerebral haemorrhage and their postoperative intracranial infection and clinical prognosis. Methods: The study selected the clinical data of 324 patients with cerebral haemorrhage who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 for retrospective analysis and divided these patients into the intracranial infection group (Group A, n=22, leukocyte values in CSF>5×106/L) and the non-intracranial infection group (Group B, n=302, leukocyte values in CSF 5×106/L) according to the occurrence of postoperative intracranial infection in patients to detect the levels of lactic acid and glucose in CSF at different times in the two groups. Pearson method was adopted to analyze the correlation of the levels of lactic acid and glucose in CSF of patients with intracranial infection, and the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was used to assess the clinical prognosis of patients. According to their scores, these patients were divided into the good prognosis group (GPG, scores of 4-5 points, n=178) and the poor prognosis group (PPG, scores of 1-3 points, n=146). The levels of lactic acid and glucose in the CSF of patients in the two groups were measured, and the Pearson method was adopted to analyze the relationship between these levels and clinical prognosis. Results: Compared with Group B, Group A had markedly higher lactic acid levels in CSF of patients at T1, T2 and T3 (P<0.001) and notably lower glucose levels (P<0.001). Patients in the PPG had notably higher lactic acid levels in CSF at T1, T2 and T3 (P<0.001) and overtly lower glucose levels than those in the GPG (P<0.001). Pearsonžs correlation analysis results showed that lactic acid levels in the CSF of patients were positively correlated with leukocyte values but negatively correlated with glucose levels (P<0.05). The lactic acid levels in CSF were negatively correlated with GOS scores but positively correlated with glucose levels (P<0.05). Conclusion: The levels of lactic acid and glucose in CSF of patients with cerebral haemorrhage are correlated with postoperative intracranial infection and clinical prognosis, and the detection of the above indicators will help doctors better understand patientsž condition, thus providing a scientific basis for the formulation of clinical treatment plans.