Diagnostic and treatment outcomes of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the first year of COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has put a significant strain on human life and health care systems, however, little is known about its impact on tuberculosis (TB) patients. Aims: To assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) diagnosis, treatment and patient outcomes, using the WHO definitions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Malatya region, Turkey (population 800 000). Data on regional PTB test numbers, case notification rates and PTB patients’ clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes were collected. Data from the first pandemic year (2020) were compared to data from the previous 3 years (2017–2019). The attitudes and experiences of patients were analysed. Results: Despite a non-significant 22% decrease in annual PTB case notifications (P = 0.317), the number of TB tests performed (P = 0.001) and PTB patients evaluated (P = 0.001) decreased significantly during the pandemic year compared with the previous 3 years. The proportion of patients with high (3/4+) sputum acid-fast bacilli grades (P = 0.001), TB relapse (P = 0.022) and treatment failure (P = 0.018) increased significantly. The median 64.5-day treatment delay detected in 2017–2019 increased significantly to 113.5 days in 2020 (P = 0.001), due primarily to patients’ reluctance to visit a health care facility. Conclusion: In addition to the problems with case detection, this study shows notable deterioration in several indicators related to the severity, contagiousness and poor outcomes of TB, which had already been suppressed for decades.