1. School of Management and Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Complexo Andaluz, Apartado 295, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
2. Faculty of Economics, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
3. Economics and Research Department, Banco de Portugal, Av. Almirante Reis 71, 1150-012 Lisboa, Portugal
4. Fogelman College of Business and Economics, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152-3120, USA