IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF DELIVERY OF PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL CARGO IN INTERCITY TRANSPORTATION

Abstract

The article analyzes the current state of the theory and practice of solving the issues related to the delivery of perishable goods by road. The author has determined that in order to improve the efficiency of cargo delivery, one of the promising directions is the development and application of transport delivery schemes, which take into account the change in consumer characteristics of perishable goods during transportation. Product losses during transportation must be taken into account when solving such problems as justifying the expediency of specialized rolling stock, choosing the method of transportation without transshipment, as well as when choosing the most rational delivery schemes. Losses of cargo are usually accounted for by the value of the actual losses and the value of the cargo. The article proposes the use of three schemes for the delivery of perishable cargo. The schemes differ in the way cargo is collected and the way goods are loaded into trucks. Also different are the types of vehicles that can be used in the delivery of goods under different schemes. The first scheme consists of the harvesting of peaches between the rows of the orchard by small tractors. The advantage of this scheme is the possibility of using heavy-duty vehicles with the achievement of maximum use of the capacity factor. Flatbed trucks are used for transportation. As a result of the accumulation of cargo at the point of loading, downtime is reduced by reducing the waiting time of cargo delivery. The second scheme is the need for in-line loading of vehicles in the fields of enterprises. Prefabricated routes for trucks and direct loading in the field are used. Application of the second scheme excludes the possibility of using heavy transport, because the movement will be made on unpaved roads. The need for in-line loading also eliminates the use of loading and unloading mechanisms. The third delivery scheme is similar to the first, but it is proposed to use specialized vehicles with a refrigerated chamber for transportation. As criterion of assessment of expediency of use of the offered schemes total expenses for cargo delivery are accepted taking into account possible losses from cargo damage, on the offered criterion it is expedient to estimate influence of such parameters, as volume of the cargo presented for transportation and length of the route.