In the labyrinths of pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases: evolution of microbiology theory

Abstract

Traditionally, the search of the causes and study of the development mechanisms of inflammatory bowel diseases have been of great interest over the past decades. Previously, attention was focused on the genetic and immunological aspects of this group of diseases. At the same time, numerous studies are currently focused on the study of the intestinal microbiome, which is associated with the supposition that IBD develops as a result of the interaction of environmental factors, microbiome and the immune system in genetically susceptible individuals. This supposition was confirmed in a number of studies in which mutations were found in the genes that regulate the interaction between the microbiome and the immune system of IBD patients. The article discusses the role of the intestinal microbiome in IBD and various factors that can influence it, such as smoking, hygiene, diet, and use of antibacterial drugs.