An updated systematic review and quantitative synthesis of physical activity levels in multiple sclerosis

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objective This paper provided an updated quantitative synthesis of physical activity levels in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared with controls and other clinical populations. Design A systematic search through PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO was conducted for articles published between August, 2016 and July, 2022. Articles that included a group comparison of at least one measurement of physical activity between adults with MS and controls or other clinical populations were included in the meta-analysis. Results Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria and yielded a total of 119 comparisons. There was a moderate difference in physical activity levels between persons with MS and controls (effect size [ES] = –0.56,p < 0.01), but no significant difference between persons with MS and other clinical populations (ES = 0.01,p = 0.90). The pooled ESs comparing MS with controls (Q104 = 457.9,p < 0.01) as well as with clinical populations (Q13 = 108.4,p < 0.01) were heterogeneous. Moderating variables included sex, disability status, measurement method, outcome, intensity, and application of an MS-specific cut-point. Conclusion Physical activity levels remain significantly lower in persons with MS compared with controls, but the magnitude of difference has become smaller over the past decade. There is a need for continued development of effective physical activity programs that can reach the greater community with MS.