Feasibility and long-term outcomes of hepatic vein recanalization in Budd–Chiari syndrome through intrahepatic collateral pathways

Abstract

Background and aims To investigate the feasibility and long-term outcomes of hepatic vein (HV) recanalization using intrahepatic collateral pathways in patients with Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS) with HV obstruction. Methods Clinical data of 29 BCS patients with HV obstruction and intrahepatic collateral pathways were reviewed. All patients underwent HV recanalization through the intrahepatic collaterals. Follow-up was performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment and annually thereafter. Cumulative patency and survival rates were assessed using Kaplan–Meier curves. The independent predictors of patency were determined using a Cox regression model. Results HV recanalization was successful in 28 of the 29 patients (96.6%), with no complications. Of the 28 cases, simultaneous recanalization of the accessory HV and right HV was achieved in 11 patients, accessory HV and middle HV in six, accessory HV and left HV in three, right HV and middle HV in five, and left HV and middle HV in three. Twenty-eight patients were followed from 4 to 87 (mean, 53.6 ± 26.7) months after treatment, and six patients developed reocclusion. The overall cumulative 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-year primary HV patency rates were 96.3, 82.9, 74.6, and 59.7%, respectively. The cumulative 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-year survival rates were 100, 95.8, 95.8, and 86.3%, respectively. Conclusion Interventional treatment of HV obstruction in BCS patients through intrahepatic collateral approaches is well tolerated and feasible and can result in excellent long-term patency and survival rates.