FINDING THE SWEET SPOT: THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN WHOLE BLOOD TO RED BLOOD CELLS RATIO AND OUTCOMES OF HEMORRHAGING CIVILIAN TRAUMA PATIENTS

Abstract

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the dose-dependent effect of whole blood (WB) on the outcomes of civilian trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock. Methods: We performed a 2-year (2020–2021) retrospective analysis of the ACS-TQIP dataset. Adult (≥18) trauma patients with a shock index (SI) >1 who received at least 5 units of PRBC and one unit of WB within the first 4 h of admission were included. Primary outcomes were 6-h, 24-h, and in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were major complications and hospital and intensive care unit length of stay. Results: A total of 830 trauma patients with a mean (SD) age of 38 (16) were identified. The median [IQR] 4-h WB and PRBC requirements were 2 [2–4] U and 10 [7–15] U, respectively, with a median WB:RBC ratio of 0.2 [0.1–0.3]. Every 0.1 increase in WB:RBC ratio was associated with decreased odds of 24-h mortality (aOR: 0.916, P = 0.035) and in-hospital mortality (aOR: 0.878, P < 0.001). Youden’s index identified 0.25 (1 U of WB for every 4 U of PRBC) as the optimal WB:PRBC ratio to reduce 24-h mortality. High ratio (≥0.25) group had lower adjusted odds of 24-h mortality (aOR: 0.678, P = 0.021) and in-hospital mortality (aOR: 0.618, P < 0.001) compared to the low ratio group. Conclusions: A higher WB:PRBC ratio was associated with improved early and late mortality in trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock. Given the availability of WB in trauma centers across the United States, at least one unit of WB for every 4 units of packed red blood cells may be administered to improve the survival of hemorrhaging civilian trauma patients.