Risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo: a case–control study

Abstract

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the common etiology of gastric tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with H. pylori infection in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo), where these tumors seem to be more frequent than in its western part. Patients and Methods: Between January and December 2021, the authors conducted a multicenter case–control study in three hospitals in Bukavu City involving 90 individuals with dyspeptic complaints. Risk factors for H. pylori infection were assessed in a participant interview and H. pylori status from stool antigen detection. Results: Among the risk factors assessed, only history of H. pylori in the family and the habit of adding salt to already-seasoned food were found positively associated with the risk of H. pylori infection (adjusted odds ratio: 7, 95 CI: 2.742–17.867; P<0.0001 and 2.911, 95% CI: 1.010–8.526; P=0.048, respectively). On the other hand, low-temperature food storage seems to be protective with a negative association (adjusted odds ratio: 0.044, 95% CI: 0.009–0.206; P=0.0001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated again the importance of lifestyle-related factors on the risk of acquisition of H. pylori. These findings call for preventive interventions for this group of individuals.