An Accurate and Individualized Preoperative Estimation Method for the Linear Insertion Depth of Cochlear Implant Electrode Arrays Based on Computed Tomography

Abstract

Objectives: Cochlear implantation or auditory brainstem implantation is currently the only accepted method for improving severe or profound sensorineural hearing loss. The length of the electrodes implanted during cochlear implantation is closely related to the degree of hearing improvement of hearing after the surgery. We aimed to explore new methods to accurately estimate the electrode array (EA) linear insertion depth based on computed tomography (CT) images prior surgery, which could help surgeons select the appropriate EA length for each patient. Design: Previous studies estimated the linear insertion depth by measuring the length of the lateral wall of the cochlea rather than the electrode’s path in the cochlea duct. Here, we determined the actual position of the EA on the CT image after cochlear surgery in order to predict the path of the EA, and the length of the predicted EA path was measured by the contouring technique (CoT) to estimate the linear insertion depth of the EA. Because CoT can only measure the length of the estimated EA path on a two-dimensional plane, we further modified the measurement by weighting the height of the cochlea and the length of the EA tail (the length of the last stimulating electrode to the end, which cannot be displayed on the CT image), which we termed the modified CoT + height + tail (MCHT) measurement. Results: Based on our established method, MCHT could reduce the error to the submillimeter range (0.67 ± 0.37 mm) when estimating the linear insertion depth of various kinds of EAs compared with the actual implant length. The correlation coefficient between the linear insertion depth as predicted by MCHT and the actual was 0.958. The linear insertion depth estimated by this method was more accurate than that estimated using the classical CoT technique (R = 0.442) and using the modified Escudé’s method (R = 0.585). Conclusions: MCHT is a method based on CT images that can accurately predict the linear insertion depth of cochlear implants preoperatively. This is the first report that we are aware of a method for predicting linear insertion depth before cochlear implantation with only submillimeter errors and that is tailored to different types of EAs.