Navigating test accuracy metrics used in diagnostic evaluation

Abstract

Purpose of review Accurate diagnosis stands as the cornerstone of effective medical practice, influencing treatment decisions and patient outcomes. Additionally, grasping basic statistical concepts behind diagnostic tests is crucial for clinicians to interpret results accurately and make informed clinical judgments. This article discusses the evolution and application of diagnostic indices, using a clinical example to apply fundamental concepts. Recent findings Advances in our understanding of statistical methods are giving rise to new interpretations of diagnostic indices, altering how we relate them to test performance. These new metrics reveal previously unnoticed details within existing diagnostic measures. Consequently, these developments have been discussed and will help to increase understanding of their interpretation and utility in clinical settings. Summary This article provides a concise overview of the latest updates on diagnostic indices and stresses the importance of an updated understanding of their inter-connectedness and interpretation for optimal application to evidence-based care.