Community Pharmacists’ Knowledge and Perceptions of Buprenorphine for Patients with Opioid Use Disorder

Abstract

Objectives The aims of the study are to evaluate community pharmacists’ knowledge and perceptions regarding buprenorphine for opioid use disorder and their willingness to dispense buprenorphine and to identify opportunities for education. Methods An electronic survey of Michigan pharmacists (n = 11,123) assessed demographics, training, buprenorphine knowledge, dispensing, perceptions of stigma, diversion, and confidence in patient/provider interactions. Composite scores for knowledge, stigma, diversion, and confidence were calculated. Cross-tabulations and logistic regressions examined associations. Results There were 775 surveys returned (response 7%, n = 11,123) with 390 community pharmacists completing the survey. Twenty-five percent practiced in a rural area. Common practice sites were chain or independent pharmacies (30% each). Ninety-seven percent had buprenorphine training, 50% from Accredited Continuing Pharmacy Education. Eighty percent reported that their pharmacy dispensed buprenorphine with 90% of rural pharmacists compared with 71% urban responding yes. Composite knowledge scores did not differ between urban or rural location (P > 0.05). Predictors of willingness to dispense buprenorphine were urban location (odds ratio, OR, 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34–0.91; P = 0.01), independent pharmacy (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.30–0.94; P = 0.03), Accredited Continuing Pharmacy Education training (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.34–0.87; P = 0.01), low stigma/diversion (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.37–0.70; P = 0.00), and confidence in patient/provider interactions (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.10–0.19; P = 0.00). Conclusions Most survey pharmacists practice at pharmacies that dispense buprenorphine for opioid use disorder, with a larger proportion from rural pharmacies reporting availability. Pharmacists at independent pharmacies in urban locations have increased willingness to dispense buprenorphine, with urban pharmacists having lower perceptions of diversion compared with rural. Differences in buprenorphine availability, pharmacist willingness to dispense, and perceptions are opportunities for education. Limitations include one state, response bias, self-assessed competencies, and small samples.