Impact of Different Osteotomy Techniques on Bone Reserve in the Osteotomy Line in Sagittal Split Osteotomy: Experimental In Vitro Study in Caprine Mandible Model

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate of the effect of piezzo and conventional osteotomy techniques on bone reserve in the osteotomy line and comminuted fracture ratios that is able to compromise bone to bone contact negatively. Methods: Bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy was performed on 12 fresh male Thracian curly caprine mandible. In the first group (n: 12) osteotomies were performed with piezzo device. In the second group (n: 12) osteotomies were performed with micromotor and manual osteotomes. Operative time was measured. The number of comminuted fractures, length and width of the osteotomy, and the space between the osteotomy lines was evaluated from 3-dimensional computed tomography scans. Results: The mean value of procedure duration was 320.4±10.76 seconds for piezo osteotomy and 238.8±8.29 seconds for conventional micromotor (P<0.0001). Number of comminuted fractures was 1.41±1.3 in piezoelectric group, 1.5±1.3 in conventional group and the difference was not statistically significant (p: 0,88). Osteotomy lengths and widths were 35.58±5.2, 2.196±1.9 and 36.23±5.05, 2.27±1.85 in the piezzo and conventional groups, respectively. (plengths:0,75; pwidths:0,92) The volume of the bony interface between the distal and proximal segments of the mandible after osteotomy was 166.3±184.2 mm3 in the piezzo group and 163.5±129.3 mm3 in the conventional group (p: 0,96). Conclusion: The piezo surgery and the conventional osteotomy were found to be similar in terms of the gap between the distal and proximal mandible and the number of comminuted fractures. The duration to perform the conventional osteotomy was found to be shorter than the piezo surgery.