The effect of antioxidants on increased oocyte competence in IVM: a review

Abstract

In vitro maturation (IVM) is considered a potential assisted reproductive technology that is a safer and simpler alternative to conventional in vitro fertilization. It is primarily used in patients with impaired oocyte maturation and for the treatment of infertile women who are at risk of fertility loss. In addition, IVM is currently used mainly in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients with a high ovarian response and is still considered an experimental option in fertility preservation. Producing highly competent oocytes during IVM is considered a key step in the success of in vitro production (IVP) of embryos. Some factors, such as culture medium conditions and other supplements, have a significant impact on oocyte IVM performance. One of the known disruptors of oocyte developmental competence in IVP is oxidative stress (OS), which is caused by an imbalance between the production and neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In vitro conditions induce supraphysiological ROS levels due to exposure to an oxidative environment and the isolation of the oocyte from the follicle protective antioxidant milieu. Given the importance of OS in oocyte competence, the establishment of standardized antioxidant IVM systems is critical for improving the overall success of IVP. This review focuses on the main antioxidants tested to protect oocytes against OS in IVM.