Anti-BCMA CAR-T therapy for multiple myeloma with extramedullary disease: A case report and review of the literature

Abstract

Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) with extramedullary disease (EMD) is rare in clinical practice, and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) CAR-T cell therapy is a novel therapy for hematologic malignancies. Very few reports have been published on the effect of CAR-T-cell therapy in MM with EMD. Here, we report a case of MM with extramedullary lesions treated with BCMA CAR-T therapy. Case presentation: A 66-year-old female patient presented to our hospital with an enlarged left maxillary gingiva. Diagnosis: Diagnosis of indolent MM stage III (DS staging) and stage III (ISS and R ISS) with extramedullary lesions. Intervention: The patient underwent a clinical trial of humanized anti-BCMA CAR T cell therapy. Results: Symptoms improved; left gingival hyperplasia and swelling resolved; left buccal mass resolved; and neck and submandibular masses resolved. Pathological examination of the exfoliated masses showed necrotic tissue. Conclusion: MM with extramedullary lesions often has limited treatment options, and traditional chemotherapy methods are ineffective; however, BCMA CAR-T cell therapy can significantly improve the symptoms of extramedullary lesions in MM.