1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
2. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
5. Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
6. Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
7. Michigan Institute of Transnational Nanotechnology (MITRAN), Ypsilanti, MI, USA.