Laboratory evidence of Weibel magnetogenesis driven by temperature gradient using three-dimensional synchronous proton radiography

Author:

Zhao Zhonghai1ORCID,He Shukai2ORCID,An Honghai3ORCID,Lei Zhu1ORCID,Xie Yu1ORCID,Yuan Wenqiang1ORCID,Jiao Jinlong1ORCID,Zhou Kainan2,Zhang Yuxue2ORCID,Ye Junjian3,Xie Zhiyong3ORCID,Xiong Jun3,Fang Zhiheng3,He Xiantu4,Wang Wei3ORCID,Zhou Weimin2,Zhang Baohan2,Zhu Shaoping24ORCID,Qiao Bin15ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, and SKLNPT, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.

2. Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China.

3. Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma, CAEP, Shanghai 201800, China.

4. Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China.

5. Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronic, Peking University, Beijing 100094, China.

Abstract

The origin of the cosmic magnetic field remains an unsolved mystery, relying not only on specific dynamo processes but also on the seed field to be amplified. Recently, the diffuse radio emission and Faraday rotation observations reveal that there has been a microgauss-level magnetic field in intracluster medium in the early universe, which places strong constraints on the strength of the initial field and implies the underlying kinetic effects; the commonly believed Biermann battery can only provide extremely weak seed of 10 −21 G. Here, we present evidence for the spontaneous Weibel-type magnetogenesis in laser-produced weakly collisional plasma with the three-dimensional synchronous proton radiography, where the distribution anisotropy directly arises from the temperature gradient, even without the commonly considered interpenetrating plasmas or shear flows. This field can achieve sufficient strength and is sensitive to Coulomb collision. Our results demonstrate the importance of kinetics in magnetogenesis in weakly collisional astrophysical scenarios.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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