Connecting the multiple dimensions of global soil fungal diversity

Author:

Mikryukov Vladimir1ORCID,Dulya Olesya1ORCID,Zizka Alexander2ORCID,Bahram Mohammad3ORCID,Hagh-Doust Niloufar1ORCID,Anslan Sten1ORCID,Prylutskyi Oleh4ORCID,Delgado-Baquerizo Manuel5ORCID,Maestre Fernando T.6ORCID,Nilsson Henrik7ORCID,Pärn Jaan1ORCID,Öpik Maarja1ORCID,Moora Mari1ORCID,Zobel Martin1ORCID,Espenberg Mikk1ORCID,Mander Ülo1ORCID,Khalid Abdul Nasir8ORCID,Corrales Adriana9ORCID,Agan Ahto10ORCID,Vasco-Palacios Aída-M.11ORCID,Saitta Alessandro12,Rinaldi Andrea13ORCID,Verbeken Annemieke14ORCID,Sulistyo Bobby14,Tamgnoue Boris15,Furneaux Brendan16ORCID,Duarte Ritter Camila17ORCID,Nyamukondiwa Casper18ORCID,Sharp Cathy19ORCID,Marín César20ORCID,Gohar Daniyal21,Klavina Darta22ORCID,Sharmah Dipon23,Dai Dong-Qin24ORCID,Nouhra Eduardo25ORCID,Biersma Elisabeth Machteld2627ORCID,Rähn Elisabeth10ORCID,Cameron Erin28ORCID,De Crop Eske14ORCID,Otsing Eveli21ORCID,Davydov Evgeny29ORCID,Albornoz Felipe30ORCID,Brearley Francis31ORCID,Buegger Franz32ORCID,Zahn Geoffrey33ORCID,Bonito Gregory34ORCID,Hiiesalu Inga1ORCID,Barrio Isabel35ORCID,Heilmann-Clausen Jacob36ORCID,Ankuda Jelena37,Doležal Jiri38ORCID,Kupagme John21ORCID,Maciá-Vicente Jose39ORCID,Djeugap Fovo Joseph15,Geml József40ORCID,Alatalo Juha41ORCID,Alvarez-Manjarrez Julieta42ORCID,Põldmaa Kadri143ORCID,Runnel Kadri1ORCID,Adamson Kalev10,Bråthen Kari-Anne44ORCID,Pritsch Karin32ORCID,Tchan Issifou Kassim45,Armolaitis Kęstutis46,Hyde Kevin47,Newsham Kevin K.27ORCID,Panksep Kristel48ORCID,Lateef Adebola Azeez4950ORCID,Hansson Linda51,Lamit Louis52ORCID,Saba Malka53,Tuomi Maria44ORCID,Gryzenhout Marieka54ORCID,Bauters Marijn55ORCID,Piepenbring Meike56,Wijayawardene Nalin N.57,Yorou Nourou45ORCID,Kurina Olavi58ORCID,Mortimer Peter59ORCID,Meidl Peter60,Kohout Petr61ORCID,Puusepp Rasmus21ORCID,Drenkhan Rein10,Garibay-Orijel Roberto42ORCID,Godoy Roberto62ORCID,Alkahtani Saad63ORCID,Rahimlou Saleh21ORCID,Dudov Sergey64ORCID,Põlme Sergei2143,Ghosh Soumya54ORCID,Mundra Sunil65ORCID,Ahmed Talaat41ORCID,Netherway Tarquin3ORCID,Henkel Terry66ORCID,Roslin Tomas3ORCID,Nteziryayo Vincent67ORCID,Fedosov Vladimir64ORCID,Onipchenko Vladimir64,Yasanthika Weeragalle Arachchillage Erandi47,Lim Young68ORCID,Van Nuland Michael69ORCID,Soudzilovskaia Nadejda70ORCID,Antonelli Alexandre71ORCID,Kõljalg Urmas143,Abarenkov Kessy43ORCID,Tedersoo Leho2163ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia.

2. Department of Biology, Philipps-University, Marburg 35032, Germany.

3. Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 75007, Sweden.

4. Department of Mycology and Plant Resistance, School of Biology, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine.

5. Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistemico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla 41012, Spain.

6. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio ‘Ramón Margalef’ and Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain.

7. Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden.

8. Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Pakistan 54590, Pakistan.

9. Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia.

10. Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia.

11. Grupo de BioMicro y Microbiología Ambiental, Escuela de Microbiologia, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin 050010, Colombia.

12. Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy.

13. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari 09124, Italy.

14. Department Biology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.

15. Department of Crop Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.

16. Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland.

17. Instituto Juruá, Manaus 69083, Brazil.

18. Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye 10071, Botswana.

19. Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.

20. Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Universidad SantoTomás, Valdivia, Chile.

21. Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia.

22. Latvian State Forest Research Institute Silava, Salaspils 2169, Latvia.

23. Department of Botany, Jawaharlal Nehru Rajkeeya Mahavidyalaya, Pondicherry University, Port Blair 744101, India.

24. College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, China.

25. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba 5000, Argentina.

26. Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen 1123, Denmark.

27. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK.

28. Department of Environmental Science, Saint Mary's University, Halifax B3H 3C3, Canada.

29. Altai State University, Barnaul 656049, Russia.

30. Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Wembley 6014, Australia.

31. Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.

32. Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.

33. Biology Department, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT 84058, USA.

34. Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-6254, USA.

35. Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavík 112, Iceland.

36. Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark.

37. Vokė branch, Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (LAMMC), Vilnius LT-02232, Lithuania.

38. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic.

39. Department of Environmental Sciences, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708, Netherlands.

40. ELKH-EKKE Lendület Environmental Microbiome Research Group, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Eger 3300, Hungary.

41. Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.

42. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.

43. Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu 51003, Estonia.

44. Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9019, Norway.

45. Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants-Soil Fungi Interactions, University of Parakou, Parakou 00229, Benin.

46. Department of Silviculture and Ecology, Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (LAMMC), Girionys 53101, Lithuania.

47. Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.

48. Chair of Hydrobiology and Fishery, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia.

49. Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240102, Nigeria.

50. Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.

51. Gothenburg Centre for Sustainable Development, Gothenburg 41133, Sweden.

52. Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse 13244, USA.

53. Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.

54. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.

55. Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.

56. Mycology Working Group, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.

57. College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China.

58. Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia.

59. Center For Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.

60. Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Berlin 14195, Germany.

61. Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.

62. Instituto Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.

63. Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

64. Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.

65. Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, UAE.

66. Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Arcata, CA 95521, USA.

67. Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Burundi, Bujumbura Burundi.

68. School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.

69. Society for the Protection of Underground Networks (SPUN), Dover, DE 19901, USA.

70. Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium.

71. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AE, UK.

Abstract

How the multiple facets of soil fungal diversity vary worldwide remains virtually unknown, hindering the management of this essential species-rich group. By sequencing high-resolution DNA markers in over 4000 topsoil samples from natural and human-altered ecosystems across all continents, we illustrate the distributions and drivers of different levels of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of fungi and their ecological groups. We show the impact of precipitation and temperature interactions on local fungal species richness (alpha diversity) across different climates. Our findings reveal how temperature drives fungal compositional turnover (beta diversity) and phylogenetic diversity, linking them with regional species richness (gamma diversity). We integrate fungi into the principles of global biodiversity distribution and present detailed maps for biodiversity conservation and modeling of global ecological processes.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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