Characterization of the antispike IgG immune response to COVID-19 vaccines in people with a wide variety of immunodeficiencies

Author:

Zendt Mackenzie1ORCID,Bustos Carrillo Fausto A.12ORCID,Kelly Sophie3ORCID,Saturday Taylor4,DeGrange Maureen15ORCID,Ginigeme Anita16ORCID,Wu Lurline1,Callier Viviane7,Ortega-Villa Ana8ORCID,Faust Mondreakest9,Chang-Rabley Emma1ORCID,Bugal Kara10,Kenney Heather1,Khil Pavel10ORCID,Youn Jung-Ho10,Osei Gloria10,Regmi Pravesh10,Anderson Victoria1,Bosticardo Marita1ORCID,Daub Janine1,DiMaggio Thomas1ORCID,Kreuzburg Samantha1,Pala Francesca1ORCID,Pfister Justina1ORCID,Treat Jennifer1,Ulrick Jean1,Karkanitsa Maria9ORCID,Kalish Heather3ORCID,Kuhns Douglas B.5ORCID,Priel Debra L.5ORCID,Fink Danielle L.5,Tsang John S.1112ORCID,Sparks Rachel13ORCID,Uzel Gulbu1,Waldman Meryl A.14ORCID,Zerbe Christa S.1ORCID,Delmonte Ottavia M.1ORCID,Bergerson Jenna R. E.1,Das Sanchita10ORCID,Freeman Alexandra F.1ORCID,Lionakis Michail S.1ORCID,Sadtler Kaitlyn9ORCID,van Doremalen Neeltje4ORCID,Munster Vincent4ORCID,Notarangelo Luigi D.1ORCID,Holland Steven M.1ORCID,Ricotta Emily E.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.

2. Office of Data Science and Emerging Technologies, Office of Science Management and Operations, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA.

3. Trans-NIH Shared Resource on Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.

4. Laboratory of Virology, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, NY, USA.

5. Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.

6. Medical Science and Computing LLC, Rockville, MD, USA.

7. Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.

8. Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA.

9. Section for Immunoengineering, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.

10. Division of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD,USA.

11. Department of Immunobiology and Yale Center for Systems and Engineering Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

12. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT,USA.

13. Laboratory of Immune System Biology, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD,USA.

14. Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Abstract

Research on coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in immune-deficient/disordered people (IDP) has focused on cancer and organ transplantation populations. In a prospective cohort of 195 IDP and 35 healthy volunteers (HV), antispike immunoglobulin G (IgG) was detected in 88% of IDP after dose 2, increasing to 93% by 6 months after dose 3. Despite high seroconversion, median IgG levels for IDP never surpassed one-third that of HV. IgG binding to Omicron BA.1 was lowest among variants. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 pseudo-neutralization only modestly correlated with antispike IgG concentration. IgG levels were not significantly altered by receipt of different messenger RNA–based vaccines, immunomodulating treatments, and prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections. While our data show that three doses of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccinations induce antispike IgG in most IDP, additional doses are needed to increase protection. Because of the notably reduced IgG response to Omicron BA.1, the efficacy of additional vaccinations, including bivalent vaccines, should be studied in this population.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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