Proteomic identification of beer brewing products in the ground layer of Danish Golden Age paintings

Author:

Di Gianvincenzo Fabiana12ORCID,Andersen Cecil Krarup3ORCID,Filtenborg Troels4,Mackie Meaghan15ORCID,Ernst Madeleine6ORCID,Ramos Madrigal Jazmín1ORCID,Olsen Jesper V.5ORCID,Wadum Jørgen789ORCID,Cappellini Enrico1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.

2. Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Veˇna Pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

3. Royal Danish Academy, Conservation, Philip De Langes Allé 10, 3.15, 1435 Copenhagen, Denmark.

4. National Gallery of Denmark, Sølvgade 48-50, 1307 Copenhagen, Denmark.

5. Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.

6. Section for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark.

7. Centre for Art Technological Studies and Conservation, National Gallery of Denmark, Sølvgade 48-50, 1307 Copenhagen, Denmark.

8. Wadum Art Technological Studies, Åløkkevej 24, 2720 Vanløse, Denmark.

9. Nivaagaard Collection, Gammel Strandvej 2, 2990 Nivå, Denmark.

Abstract

The application of mass spectrometry–based proteomics to artworks provides accurate and detailed characterization of protein-based materials used in their production. This is highly valuable to plan conservation strategies and reconstruct the artwork’s history. In this work, the proteomic analysis of canvas paintings from the Danish Golden Age led to the confident identification of cereal and yeast proteins in the ground layer. This proteomic profile points to a (by-)product of beer brewing, in agreement with local artists’ manuals. The use of this unconventional binder can be connected to the workshops within the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts. The mass spectrometric dataset generated from proteomics was also processed with a metabolomics workflow. The spectral matches observed supported the proteomic conclusions, and, in at least one sample, suggested the use of drying oils. These results highlight the value of untargeted proteomics in heritage science, correlating unconventional artistic materials with local culture and practices.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference87 articles.

1. P. Ward The Nature of Conservation: A Race against Time M. del Rey Ed. (Getty Conservation Institute 1986).

2. W. Ostwald Microscopic identification of homogeneous binding mediums in Technical Studies in the Field of the Fine Arts IV (1936).

3. Identification of Proteins in Renaissance Paintings by Proteomics

4. Palaeoproteomics guidelines to identify proteinaceous binders in artworks following the study of a 15th-century painting by Sandro Botticelli’s workshop

5. Analytical Strategies for Characterizing Organic Paint Media Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

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