Tectonic trigger to the first major extinction of the Phanerozoic: The early Cambrian Sinsk event

Author:

Myrow Paul M.1ORCID,Goodge John W.23,Brock Glenn A.4ORCID,Betts Marissa J.5ORCID,Park Tae-Yoon S.67ORCID,Hughes Nigel C.8ORCID,Gaines Robert R.9ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Geology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA.

2. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.

3. Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.

4. School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.

5. Palaeoscience Research Centre, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.

6. Division of Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea.

7. Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.

8. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.

9. Geology Department, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA.

Abstract

The Cambrian explosion, one of the most consequential biological revolutions in Earth history, occurred in two phases separated by the Sinsk event, the first major extinction of the Phanerozoic. Trilobite fossil data show that Series 2 strata in the Ross Orogen, Antarctica, and Delamerian Orogen, Australia, record nearly identical and synchronous tectono-sedimentary shifts marking the Sinsk event. These resulted from an abrupt pulse of contractional supracrustal deformation on both continents during the Pararaia janeae trilobite Zone. The Sinsk event extinction was triggered by initial Ross/Delamerian supracrustal contraction along the edge of Gondwana, which caused a cascading series of geodynamic, paleoenvironmental, and biotic changes, including (i) loss of shallow marine carbonate habitats along the Gondwanan margin; (ii) tectonic transformation to extensional tectonics within the Gondwanan interior; (iii) extrusion of the Kalkarindji large igneous province; (iv) release of large volumes of volcanic gasses; and (v) rapid climatic change, including incursions of marine anoxic waters and collapse of shallow marine ecosystems.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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