The intensification of the water footprint of hydraulic fracturing

Author:

Kondash Andrew J.1ORCID,Lauer Nancy E.1ORCID,Vengosh Avner1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.

Abstract

Since 2011, water use for hydraulic fracturing and wastewater from shale gas and oil wells have been increasing.

Funder

National Science Foundation

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference41 articles.

1. U.S. Energy Information Administration Annual Energy Outlook (U.S. Energy Information Administration 2017)

2. www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/pdf/0383(2017).pdf [accessed October 2017]

3. Will water scarcity in semiarid regions limit hydraulic fracturing of shale plays?;Scanlon B. R.;Environ. Res. Lett.,2014

4. Water–energy nexus;Schnoor J. L.;Environ. Sci. Technol.,2011

5. M. Freyman Hydraulic Fracturing & Water Stress: Water Demand by the Numbers (Ceres 2014).

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